Skip to main content

Xn 4dbdrq 1a 4b

Overview

  • Date de fondation 1 juillet 1914
  • Secteurs Industrie
  • Posted Jobs 0
  • Vues 265

L'entreprise

ื˜ืœื’ืจืก โ€“ ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ืกืžื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืฃ ื™ื“ืš

ื˜ืœื’ืจืก โ€“ ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ืกืžื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืฃ ื™ื“ืš

ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื– 2017, ื•ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ืžื•ืฆืคื ืช ืœืขืกืงืื•ืช ืกืžื™ื. ืชืžืฆืื• ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืคื•ืจื—ืช ืฉืœ ื›-100,000 ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœืื™ 18-35, ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจืช ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื“ืจืš ืฆ’ืื˜ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช, ืขื ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืืชื’ืจืช ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช. ื–ื” ืขื•ืจืจ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืœื’ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกืžื™ื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืืžื‘ื™ื•ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ, ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืขื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ื–ื• ื—ื•ืฉืคืช ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชื ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ืกืžื™ื.

ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื˜ืœื’ืจืก

ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2017, ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ืคืจืฆื” ืœืกืฆื ืช ื”ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžืจื™ื—ื•ืื ื” Recreational. ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื” ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ืœืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ืฉืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื ื•ื—ื” ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืคื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืœื’ืจื, ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ื™ืฆืจื” ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉื—ื™ื‘ืจื” ืงื•ื ื™ื ืขื ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.

ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜Remarkable. ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืžื”ืฉืงืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืฆื‘ืจื” ืžืขืœ 100,000 ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืจืฉื•ืžื™ื. ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ ืœื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ืช ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-2,000 ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื, ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื•ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช.

ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืืคืœื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช, ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืฉื’ืฉื’ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืกื—ืจ ื•ื”ืคืฆื” ืฉืœ ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื ื™ืฆืœ ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืคืœืœื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื“ื—ื™ืคืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื” ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืžื•ืชืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื— ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช, ืžืืชื’ืจืช ื“ืขื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืœื’ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื•ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื”.

ืขืœื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืจื’ืข ืžืคื ื” ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืœื”ืชืคืชื—, ื”ื™ื ื ืฉืืจืช ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืชืžืฉืš ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ืžื”ืคืš ืืช ืžืกื—ืจ ื”ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื•ืฆืคื ืช ื•ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืžื•ื ืขืช ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ื›ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ืชืžืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื—ืœืง ืžืจืฉืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืœ 70,000 ืื ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื•ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืจืš ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืกืจื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื˜ืœื’ืจื.

ืชื ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก, ืžืคืจื—ื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืื›ืœื™ื ื•ืžืจืฆ’ื ื“ื™ื™ื–, ื”ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-1,300 ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื. ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืคื•ื–ืจืช ื”ื–ื• ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืš ืœืงื ื•ืช, ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื•ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ืขื™ืœื•ื ืฉื, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืืงื•ืกื™ืกื˜ื ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™.

ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ืฉืœื” ืœืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช. ืชื™ืชืงืœ ื‘ย ยปืžื—ืกื•ื ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื”ย ยป ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืคืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื, ื”ืžื“ื’ื™ื ืืช ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืœืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืืžื•ืŸ. ืžืขืจื›ืช ื–ื• ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืง ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืืžื™ืŸ, ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื•ืœืœ ืืš ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.

ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืœืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื—ื•ืฉืคืช ืืช ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื•ื›ื•ืคื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกืžื™ื. ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื”, ืืชื” ืœื•ืงื— ื—ืœืง ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืืคื•ืจ ืฉืžืืชื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืกื—ืจ.

ื”ื“ื’ืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืขืœ ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ื•ืืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื”. ืชืžืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื—ืœืง ืžืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืžืขืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืกื—ืจ ื”ื•ื’ืŸ, ื’ื ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ืจืฉืžื™ื•ืช. ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืงื“ื™ืžื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืงืชื™ืช.

ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืืžื•ืŸ

ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืงื”ื™ืœืช ืืžื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื˜ืœื’ืจืก. ืขื ืžืขืœ 70,000 ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื•ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื, ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื™ืฆืจื” ืจืฉืช ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืฉื•ืง ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื–ื” ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชืš ืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-2,000 ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื›ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืขืกืงืื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื•ืช.

ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืกื•ื‘ื‘ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ. ื”ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™, ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ. ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ self-regulation ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื”, ื›ื•ืœืœ ยซย ืงื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื”,ย ยป ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืคืจื™ื, ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช.

ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ืืžื•ืŸ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฆืขื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
ืื™ืžื•ืช ืชืขื•ื“ืช ืกื•ื—ืจ ืžืขืœ 70,000 ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืงื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื”
ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืขื ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช self-regulation
ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืจืฉืช ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื” ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื

ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืžืžืœืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื˜ืœื’ืจืก, ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœืฉื•ื•ืง ืืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื”ื ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื. ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ื–ื• ืžื—ื–ืงืช ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืขืกืงืื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

ื›ื—ื‘ืจ, ืืชื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ืฉืžืืชื’ืจืช ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกืžื™ื. ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœืš ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”, ืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื™ื. ื”ื“ื’ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืขืœ ืืžื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืืชื” ืœื ืจืง ืœืงื•ื—, ืืœื ื—ืœืง ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืœื™ ืžืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื

ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื• ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืืคื•ืจ ื—ื•ืงื™, ื›ืืฉืจ ืกื—ืจ ื‘ืžืจื™ื—ื•ืื ื” ื ื•ืฉื ืขื•ื ืฉื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื“ 20 ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืืกืจ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœื›ืš. ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื˜ืœื’ืจืก, ืืžื•ืก ืกื™ืœื‘ืจ, ืขืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืคืฉืข ื•ืกื—ืจ ื‘ืกืžื™ื.

ืฉื ื™ืช, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื”ื•ืกืจ ืžื”ืคืœืœื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2017, ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื ื•ืชืจื” ืœื ืขืงื‘ื™ืช. ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžืืชื’ืจืช ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ื˜ืœื’ืจืก, ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืžืขืฉื™. ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ืจืคื•ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœืืชื’ืจื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืชืžืฉื›ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื˜ืœื’ืจืก, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง.

ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ืขื•ืจืจ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืกืžื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื. ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ืงืฉืชื” ืขืœ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช, ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืžื”ืŸ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ืž Consequences ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช.

ืžืงืจื” ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ืžื“ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื”ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจืช ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ ืกืžื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื, ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื•ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืคืชื—, ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื•ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืขืจื ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ืžืงื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.

ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก

ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœื”, ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ืฉื™ื ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื˜ืื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-100,000 ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืžื“ื’ื™ืžื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื•ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื. ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืžืฉืงืคืช ืงื‘ืœื” ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื—ื•ืื ื” recreational ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื’ื™ืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืชื•ื—ื”, ืžื•ื ื—ื™ืช ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืœืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก.

ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ืฉื™ื ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก, ื•ื™ืฆืจื” ืฉื•ืง ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจ ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-1,300 ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื. ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืขื–ืจื” ืœืคืชื— ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืคื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.

ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ืขืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื ื™ื›ืจืช ื‘ื›ืžื” ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื:

  • ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก
  • ื”ืขืฆืžืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื“ืจืš self-regulation ืžื•ื ื—ื” ืงื”ื™ืœื”
  • ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืกืงืื•ืช
  • ืชื™ืื•ื ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืคืชื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืœื’ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก

ื”ย ยปืงืื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื”ย ยป ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืžื“ื’ื™ื ืืช ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื. ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืื›ื™ืคื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืžื“ื’ื™ื ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ืฉืžืืชื’ืจืช ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื•ืžื•ืกื›ืžื•ืช ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช.

ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืงื˜ืœื™ื–ื˜ื•ืจ ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืœื’ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื•ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ืช ืœืฉื•ืง ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ืžื•ื ื—ื” ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ื–ืงื” ืืช ืžืืžืฆื™ ื”ื” Advocacy ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืจื•ื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ืช. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืœื”ืชืคืชื—, ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืฉื—ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš.

ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื•ื ืคื™ืœืชื•

ื”ืžืกืข ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืก ืกื™ืœื‘ืจ ืžืจืงืข ืื•ืจื˜ื•ื“ื•ืงืกื™ ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืฆืžื—ื™ ื”ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืœื”ืงืžืช ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ื•ืœื ืคื™ืœืชื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ. ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื™ืขื• ืืช ื—ื–ื•ื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืœืขืกืงืื•ืช ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก, ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื ื™ื’ืฉื• ื•ืจื›ืฉื• ืžืจื™ื—ื•ืื ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืœื‘ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืกืคืง ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืกืžื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืฉืืฃ ืœื ืจืžืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืงืฉืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืง. ื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ืฉื™ืงืคื” ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื˜ืœื’ืจืก, ื›ย ยปืฉื•ืง ืžื•ื ื—ื” ืงื”ื™ืœื”ย ยป ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื”, ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืžืขืœ ืœ-100,000 ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืฉืงืช 2017 ืฉืœื”, ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื–ื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื–ื• ื’ื ืžืฉื›ื” ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ื” ืžื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก.

ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื™ืœื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชื ื’ืฉ ืขื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืกืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2023, ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืืกืจ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ยซย ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืคืฉืขย ยป ื•ืกื—ืจ ื‘ืกืžื™ื. ื”ืžื›ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ืืœื ื’ื ืขื•ืจืจื” ืฉืืœื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื’ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื”ื ืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื›ืžืขืฉื” ืื–ื”ืจื” ืœืฉื•ื•ืงื™ ืกืžื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื, ื•ืžืžื—ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืืชื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ืงื•ื•. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื™ืœื‘ืจ ืฉืืฃ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ื”ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช, ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืชื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกืžื™ื.

ืขืชื™ื“ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืกืžื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜

ื ื•ืฃ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืกืžื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื˜ืœื’ืจืก. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืœืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื•ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืชืคืชื—, ืืชื ืขื“ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืคืจื“ื™ื’ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ืขื ื”ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื. ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืœื’ืจืก, ืฉื”ืฉื™ื’ื” ืžืขืœ 100,000 ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืžื“ื’ื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ ืกืžื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืฉื’ืฉื’, ื’ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืงื™.

ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืกืžื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘:

  • ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืกืจื™ื ืžื•ืฆืคื ื•ืช becoming the norm for transactions
  • ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื•ืืžืฆืขื™ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื”
  • ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื
  • ืœื—ืฅ ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื

ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืงื˜ืœื™ื–ื˜ื•ืจ ืœื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื•ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžืฆื™ื”. ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืกืจื™ื ืžื•ืฆืคื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื˜ืœื’ืจื ืžื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœื›ื, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืืชื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื“ื™ืกืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.

ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืฉืขืžื ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ืงื™ืงื•ืช ืกืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืกืžื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืชืจืื• ืœื—ืฅ ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกืžื™ื.

ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™, ืืš ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืกืžื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง, ืืชื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืžืืชื’ืจืช ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืฆืช ืกืžื™ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื”, ื•ืžืกืœืœืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื•ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื ื–ืงื™ื.

ืœืงื—ื™ื ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก

ืฉื•ืื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืœื’ืจืืก, ืฆืฆื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืœืงื—ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก. ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-100,000 ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืžื“ื’ื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืœืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื•ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžื•ืกื“ืจื™ื ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจืš ื–ื”. ืขื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืงื ืื‘ื™ืก, ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืœืืžืฅ ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื•ืช.

ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืž self-regulating ืฉืœ ื˜ืœื’ืจืืก ืžืฆื™ืข ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื•ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ยซย ื—ื•ืžืช ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื”ย ยป, ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืžื” ื›ื™ ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืขืฆืžื”. ื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืจืฉืžื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืคื•ืœื™ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช.

ื”ืงื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-1,300 ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื’ืจืืก ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืคืฆืช ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก. ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื–ื• ื•ืœืคืชื— ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ืืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื, ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืืœื” ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื’ืจืืก.

ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืืฉืจ 27% ืžื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื•. ื”ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืœื’ืจืืก ืขื•ืจืจ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื—ืงื™ืงืชื™ื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืชืืžื” ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืœืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ืœื’ืจืืก, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ื”ืื ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ื—ื•ืงื™?

ื”ืื ื–ื” ื—ื•ืงื™? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื• ืฉืืœื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืขื ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช. ืืชื” ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืืคื•ืจ. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ืœืกืคืง ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขืกืงืื•ืช ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก, ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื. ื”ืจืฉืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ื“ื’ืœื™ื ืื“ื•ืžื™ื. ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช. ืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืืช ืขืจื›ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชืฉืชืชืฃ. ื–ื›ื•ืจ, ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื•ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื”.

ืžื” ื–ื” ืกืงื•ื•ื ืง ื”ืกื?

ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื”: ืืชื ืžื“ืคื“ืคื™ื ื‘ืื•ืกืฃ ืชืงืœื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื™ื ื™ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”, ืืชื ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก. ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ืกืงืื ืง ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืจื•ืง ืคืื ืง – ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืง, ื‘ื•ืœื˜, ื•ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื. ืชื–ื”ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื™ ื”ืจื™ื— ื”ื—ืจื™ืฃ ืฉืœื• ื•ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”-THC ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”-20%. ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื’ื•ื“ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืžื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืœืžื•ืฆืจ ืžื‘ื•ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘, ืขื ื–ืืช – ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืฆืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.

ืกื™ื›ื•ื

ืืชื” ืขื“ืช ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื•ืœื ืคื™ืœื” ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืœื’ืจืก, ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ื‘ื”ืคืฆืช ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื”, ืืชื” ื ืฉืืจ ืœืชื”ื•ืช: ืžื” ื”ืœืื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ ืกืžื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื? ื”ื’ื ืจื™ืช ื™ืฆืื” ืžื”ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื”. ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืœื’ืจืก ืžืืชื’ืจืช ืื•ืชืš ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืกืžื™ื, ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช, ื•ื”ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”. ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืš – ืื™ืš ืชืขืฆื‘ ืื•ืชื•?